Wildfires were "Big Polluters" in 2020

While the coronavirus and its devastating effects on people and economies worldwide were unfortunately the top 2020 stories, the massive impact of western wildfires can’t be ignored. It was catastrophic.

The National Interagency Fire Center’s western states tally shows a record 8.6 million acres were incinerated in 2020 compared with 4.6 million acres in 2019.

In Washington, just over 700,000 acres were burned; however, California and Oregon were not as fortunate. By comparison, a combined 5.7 million acres were destroyed. Fires incinerated small towns and threatened metropolitan areas surrounding Portland.

Thick smoke hampered fire suppression. Firefighters were not only overwhelmed by the number and magnitude of fires but had to contend with the rapidly spreading coronavirus. Gov. Jay Inslee announced in June that fires could take up to 25 percent longer to suppress due to COVID-19-related precautions and crew safety.

According to Stanford University researchers, choking smoke from the record fires also disproportionately targeted people over age 65. They compared air pollution readings during California’s fires with increased death rates and emergency room visits and concluded at least 1,200 “excess deaths” occurred from Aug. 1 to Sept. 10 in California along with about 4,800 extra emergency room visits.

At the same time, air quality was intolerable in the Sierra, the Sacramento Valley and parts of Southern California, where it reached 10 to 15 times the federal health standard.

Quartz.com climate reporter, Tim McDonnell wrote in September the sprawling wildfires in California and Oregon produced record amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, according to satellite data. In both states, 2020 wildfire emissions at the peak of the fires season surpassed those typically released annually by their natural gas and coal power plants and cars, trucks, airplanes and trains.

McDonnell added that in California, cumulative CO2 emissions from wildfires for the year as of Sept. 13 reached about 83 million metric tons, according to data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. That’s the highest level since the beginning of the Centre’s records in 2003.

Mammoth forest fires have been around for centuries. For example, in a single week in September 1902, the Yacolt Burn engulfed more than a half million acres and killed 56 people in the Columbia River Gorge and around Mt. St. Helens. The choking smoke was so thick that ships on the Columbia River were forced to navigate by compass and the streetlights in Seattle, 160 miles to the north, glowed at noon.

Between 2003 and 2012, BC’s forest fires emitted 256 million tons of CO2 into the atmosphere. In the previous decade, healthy trees actually absorbed 441 million tons of CO2 from the atmosphere.

Two years ago, according to Russia’s Federal Forestry Agency, more than 7 million acres of forest burned across six different Siberian and Far East regions. It all added up to an area about the size of Greece. The smoke from over 400 forest fires in Siberia drifted across Alaska and portions of the west coast of Canada, according to NASA.

Looking ahead to 2021, those we elect need to change wildland management policies. They not only need to address fire suppression, but wildfire prevention. Those changes will not come easily because they are a shift away from letting nature have its way unimpeded.

Without the removal of volatile fuels such as dead trees and dense dry ground vegetation, large wildfires will continue. As part of reducing atmospheric CO2 and increasing public health and safety, we must have forest management policies, which include tree replanting and thinning especially in fire prone areas.

It will be expensive, but income can be generated from logging and funds paid by polluters to offset CO2 emissions.

Before the massive Amazon wildfires captured the headlines, we mostly associated greenhouse gas accumulations from burning coal and gas---not trees.

“The fires — and the deforestation behind them — are an immediate concern for global warming. Already, Brazil’s blazes have released 200 million tons of CO2 into the atmosphere — about three times as much as all of the wildfires in California last year, according to Europe’s Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service,” Forbes reported.

While the Amazon fires are massive, the fires are in Russia are larger.

Mammoth forest fires have been around for centuries. In a single week in September 1902, the Yacolt Burn engulfed more than a half million acres and killed 56 people in the Columbia River Gorge and around Mt. St. Helens. The choking smoke was so thick that ships on the Columbia River were forced to navigate by compass and the street lights in Seattle, 160 miles to the north, glowed at noon.

Between 2003 and 2012, BC’s forests emitted 256 million tons of CO2 into the atmosphere. In the previous decade, healthy trees actually absorbed 441 million tons of CO2 from the atmosphere.

The main culprit identified by the Sierra Club is the tiny pine beetle. Trillions of these beetles are suffocating healthy growing trees. Even though the infestation peaked a decade ago, it has turned millions of acres of once lush green forest into a barren moonscape.

Huge swaths of central B.C. and parts of Alberta have been hit so badly that dead and dying forests cover nearly 100,000 square miles. The Sierra Club wants the British Columbia provincial government to invest more than $1 billion to improve the health of the public forests by reducing clear cuts and focusing harvest levels and fees on carbon storage.

The Sierra Club wants the government to curtail harvests of mature trees, which they say store the most carbon. But those are the trees most affected by the beetles.

Removing those dead and diseased trees and replanting is the best way to maintain a healthy growing forest that stores carbon and emits oxygen. In addition, clearing dead trees and debris from the forest floor reduces the risk of massive wildfires that pump millions of tons of CO2 into the air.

President George W. Bush proposed a similar healthy forests initiative a dozen years ago, but groups like the Sierra Club roundly criticized the program as just a way to increase logging in public forests.

On its website, Weyerhaeuser illustrates how growing forests absorb carbon dioxide, store the carbon and emit the oxygen. When harvested, the carbon remains in the lumber and wood products we use and recycle every day.

Nowhere is the contrast between managed forests and barren forest land clearer than in Mount St. Helens.

After the 1980 volcanic eruption, Weyerhaeuser salvaged 68,000 acres of its damaged trees inside the blast zone and replanted 19 million trees. In the adjacent 110,000 acre Mount St. Helens Volcanic Monument area, the decision was made to just let nature basically take its course.

The result? The unmanaged land remains barren, with alders, willows and some fir growing in stream beds. Meanwhile, Weyerhaeuser’s managed forest is flourishing and reducing greenhouse gases – something barren land cannot do.

Sierra Club, take note: when it comes to pine beetle infestations or massive wildfires, letting nature take its course is not always the best course of action.

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Don C. Brunell is a business analyst, writer and columnist. He recently retired as president of the Association of Washington Business, the state’s oldest and largest business organization, and now lives in Vancouver. He can be contacted at theBrunells@msn.com.